International Journal of Group Theory
Volume:13 Issue: 1, Mar 2024

This work studied involutory properties in Latin quandles using methods of quasiqroup theory, and classified latin quandle $Q$ into Left Involutory Property latin Quandle (LIPQ), Right Involutory Property Latin Quandle (RIPQ) and Involutory Property Latin Quandle (IPQ). It investigated a fourth property called the Cross Involutory Property Latin Quandle (CIPQ). The result showed that a latin quandle $Q$ that is a LIPQ and RIPQ is an IPQ. Moreover, it established that the necessary and sufficient conditions for a latin Alexander quandle $Q$ to be a CIPQ is that $b=t^2a +(1-t)(tb+a)$ for all $a,b \in Q$ and $t\in A(Q)$.

For a finite field $𝔽_{q^n}$ and a rational function $f=\frac{f_1}{f_2} \in 𝔽_{q^n}(x)$, we present a sufficient condition for the existence of a primitive normal element $\alpha \in 𝔽_{q^n}$ in such a way $f(\alpha)$ is also primitive in $𝔽_{q^n}$, where $f(x)$ is a rational function in $𝔽_{q^n}(x)$ of degree sum $m$ (degree sum of $f(x)=\frac{f_1(x)}{f_2(x)}$ is defined to be the sum of the degrees of $f_1(x)$ and $f_2(x)$). Additionally, for rational functions of degree sum 4, we proved that there are only $37$ and $16$ exceptional values of $(q,n)$ when $q=2^k$ and $q=3^k$ respectively.

Let $G$ be a finite group and $k$ a fixed positive integer. We define the generalized order divisor graph of $G$ to be a graph whose vertex set is the group $G$ and in which two vertices $a$ and $b$ are adjacent if and only if the orders $o(a^k)$ and $o(b^k)$ are different and either $o(a^k)$ divides $o(b^k)$ or $o(b^k)$ divides $o(a^k)$. This generalizes the order divisor graphs of finite groups. Some properties of our graph are introduced, and we investigate the structure of the generalized order divisor graphs of finite cyclic groups.

Let $\gamma_{n}=[x_{1},\ldots,x_{n}]$ be the $n$th lower central word and $X_{n}(G)$ the set of $\gamma_{n}$-values in a group $G$. Suppose that $G$ is a profinite group where, for each $g\in G$, there exists a positive integer $n=n(g)$ such that the set $g^{X_{n}(G)}=\{g^{y}\,|\,y\in X_{n}(G)\}$ contains less than $2^{\aleph_{0}}$ elements. We prove that $G$ is a finite-by-nilpotent group.

Let $G$ be a finite group. A subgroup $H$ of $G$ is an $\mathscr{H}$-subgroup in $G$ if $N_G(H)\cap H^g \leq H$ for any $g \in G$. In this article, by using the concept of $\mathscr{H}$-subgroups, we study the influence of the intersection of $O^p(G_p^*)$ and the members of some fixed $\mathcal{M}_d(P)$ on the structure of the group $G$, where $P$ is a Sylow $p$-subgroup of $G.$ Some new criteria for a group to be $p$-nilpotent and $p$-supersolvable are given and some recent results are extended and generalized.

The strong isomorphism classes of extensions of finite groups are parametrized by orbits of a prescribed action on the second cohomology group. We study these orbits in the case of extensions of a finite abelian $p$-group by a cyclic factor of order $p$. As an application, we compute the number and sizes of these orbits when the initial $p$-group is generated by at most $3$ elements.

A long-standing conjecture asserts that every finite nonabelian $p$-group has a non-inner automorphism of order $p$. This paper proves the conjecture for finite $p$-groups of coclass $4$ and $5$ ($p\ge 5$). We also prove the conjecture for an odd order nonabelian $p$-group $G$ with cyclic center satisfying $C_G(G^p\gamma_3(G))\cap Z_3(G)\le Z(\Phi(G))$.

Constructing concrete examples of certain semigroups could help in implementing algorithms optimized for the users. We give concrete examples of certain finitely presented semigroups, namely $S_{p,n}$. Both computational and theoretical approaches are used for studying their structural properties to show that they are quasi-commutative and inverse semigroups.